5 Dampak kenaikan harga BBM bagi rakyat miskin

5 Dampak kenaikan harga BBM bagi rakyat miskin

1. Harga barang semakin mahal

Kebutuhan akan komoditas BBM sudah menyentuh semua aspek kehidupan. Tekanan harga pada komoditas BBM akan berpengaruh pada harga barang atau jasa lainnya.

Kurtubi menilai rencana kenaikan harga BBM menjelang hari raya Lebaran sebagai ketidakpekaan kebijakan dari pemerintah. Pasalnya, harga menjelang Lebaran kecenderungannya selalu mengalami kenaikan karena aspek permintaan yang meningkat.

Jika ditambah dari pengaruh kenaikan BBM maka kenaikan harga barang semakin gila-gilaan. "Saya tidak setuju kalau dinaikkan saat ini. Seharusnya kalau mau dinaikkan pada saat tahun lalu atau Maret kemarin pada saat besaran inflasi sedang rendah," ujarnya.

2. Daya beli masyarakat menurun

Kenaikan harga BBM yang disertai dengan peningkatan harga barang berimplikasi pada menurunnya daya beli masyarakat. Ini akan semakin memberatkan masyarakat kecil di saat momen kenaikan harga BBM berdekatan dengan hari raya Lebaran dan masa liburan sekolah.

Kurtubi mengatakan kenaikan harga BBM ini juga membuat apa yang diperjuangkan para buruh mengenai peningkatan UMR menjadi sia-sia. Buruh merepresentasi kalangan masyarakat kecil.

"Kenaikan UMR kemarin menjadi tak berarti karena uang lebih yang didapat oleh para buruh nanti akan setara dengan kenaikan harga barang," tuturnya.

3. Kemiskinan bertambah

Kurtubi menegaskan kenaikan harga BBM bersubsidi akan berimplikasi pada melonjaknya tingkat kemiskinan. Meski pemerintah berjanji untuk memberikan kompensasi pada masyarakat kecil namun dampaknya dinilai tidak akan signifikan.

Kompensasi yang bertujuan sebagai jaring pengaman agar masyarakat miskin tidak semakin jatuh ke jurang kemiskinan justru berpotensi dimanfaatkan oleh agenda politik. Pasalnya, dalam waktu dekat Indonesia akan memasuki masa pemilihan umum (pemilu).

"Orang miskin akan semakin bertambah karena ada kepentingan politik untuk pencitraan. Kompensasi justru mencederai demokrasi," jelasnya.

Menko Kesra Agung Laksono menyebutkan jumlah nominal BLSM yang akan diberikan ke masyarakat miskin per bulan. Besaran kompensasi per Rumah Tangga Sasaran (RTS) sudah dihitung oleh Kementerian Keuangan. "Sekitar Rp 150.000 per RTS," katanya.

4. Pengangguran bertambah

Kurtubi menilai kenaikan harga BBM bersubsidi akan membuat biaya produksi usaha bertambah. Hal ini menimbulkan pengusaha mengurangi beban usaha salah satunya dengan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK).

PHK tentunya akan menimbulkan angka pengangguran meningkat. Apalagi, tambahnya, rencana pembatasan konsumsi BBM yakni sebesar 0,7 liter per motor per hari dan 3 liter per mobil per hari akan membuat kondisi semakin parah.

"Semua rencana ini akan membuat gerak ekonomi terganggu. Pengangguran akan bertambah. Maka dari itu saya tidak setuju," ungkapnya.

Menurutnya, jika pemerintah ingin menurunkan beban subsidi sebaiknya menggunakan cara konversi BBM ke Bahan Bakar Gas (BBG). Pemerintah sebaiknya konsentrasi pada pengembangan infrastruktur gas yang mana komoditas ini masih melimpah di bumi Indonesia.

5. Usaha kecil semakin terpukul

Usaha kecil menjadi sektor yang paling terpukul akibat dampak kenaikan harga BBM ini. Sektor ini mengalami penambahan beban produksi terbesar.

Dengan modal secukupnya ditambah beban produksi yang bertambah diyakini akan membuat sektor usaha kecil gulung tikar. "Usaha kecil banyak yang gunakan kendaraan untuk kendaraan operasional seperti antar barang. Itu akan membuat ongkos naik," tegasnya.

Ini menjadi dilema bagi usaha kecil. Pasalnya, jika usaha kecil berniat membebankan ongkos produksi pada produknya maka akan membuat volume penjualan menurun.

"Kalaupun akan dibebankan pada masyarakat, pangsa pasar usaha kecil juga didominasi oleh masyarakat kecil. Jadi intinya tetap akan kembali dampaknya pada masyarakat bawah," ungkapnya.

Sumber :

http://www.merdeka.com/uang/5-dampak-kenaikan-harga-bbm-bagi-rakyat-miskin/usaha-kecil-semakin-terpukul.html

http://www.merdeka.com/uang/5-dampak-kenaikan-harga-bbm-bagi-rakyat-miskin/pengangguran-bertambah.html

http://www.merdeka.com/uang/5-dampak-kenaikan-harga-bbm-bagi-rakyat-miskin/daya-beli-masyarakat-menurun.html

http://www.merdeka.com/uang/5-dampak-kenaikan-harga-bbm-bagi-rakyat-miskin/harga-barang-semakin-mahal.html

http://www.merdeka.com/uang/5-dampak-kenaikan-harga-bbm-bagi-rakyat-miskin/kemiskinan-bertambah.html

comment:

Actually I also do not agree the government raised fuel prices. Increase in fuel is a lot of negative impact to the community, especially the poor, who may not be able to meet the needs of everyday life. With the increase in fuel oil is now adding to the suffering of the people due to rising fuel it needs and the basic necessities of life also increased. We still remember the demo working for minimum wage hike yesterday all become meaningless because the more money earned by the workers will be equal to the price increases will be felt in vain. Then will a lot of unemployment by comparing the increase in fuel costs it is in because each company's production to rise, this triggered layoffs on employees. Besides, a lot of small businesses are forced to close because of the existing capital and production costs do not purchase another sesuai.Dampak that the increase in high crime. Therefore the government should be more pro-small. Better than the government raised fuel considered for improvement of existing infrastructure in the country is still inadequate compared to other countries. Maybe it's just my comments about the impact of the fuel price increase. The people must be patient receives the policy of the government regarding the increase in fuel oil.

GRAMMAR TOEFL TEST

GRAMMAR TOEFL TEST

TENSES

1. Simple present tense

This tense is usually not use to indicate present time. However, it is used to indicate present time (now) with the following stative verbs; know, understand, have, believe, hate, need, hear love, appear, see, see, like seem, smell, want, taste, wish, sound, and own. Simple present tense is also used to indicate a regular or habitual action.

Examples :

·                     She loves her parents every time

·                     I get holiday every sunday

2. Present Progressive (continuous)

Subject  +  {am; is;  are}  +  [verb + ing]

The  present progressive is used to indicate present time (now) with all but the stative verbs listed previously. It is also used to indicate future time.

Examples :

·                     I am writing a letter now

·                     We are working hard for this time

3. Simple Past Tense

The simple past is used for a completed action that happened at one specific time in the past.

Examples :

·                     She advised her friend when they went togethet last day

·                     I eat rice because I felt hungry

4. Past Progressive (continuous)

Use of Past Progressive

a.. puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past

    Example: He was playing football.

b. two actions happening at the same time (in the past)

    Example: While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes.

c. action going on at a certain time in the past

    Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang

5. Present Perfect

Subject  +  [has/have]  +  [verb in past participle] …

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Examples :

·                     I have seen that movie twenty times.

·                     We have already written our reports

·                     Maria hasn’t called her parents yet

6. Present Perfect Progressive (continuous)

Subject  +  [has/have]  +  been  +  [verb+ing]

Use of Present Perfect Progressive

a. puts emphasis on the duration or course of an action (not the result)

    Example: She has been writing for two hours.

b. action that recently stopped or is still going on

    Example: I have been living here since 2001.

c. finished action that influenced the present

    Example: I have been working all afternoon.

7. Past Perfect

Subject  +  had  +  [verb in past participle]…

           

Examples :

·                     You had studied English before you moved to New York.

·                     John went home after he had gone to the store

8. Past Perfect Progressive (continuous)

Subject  + had  + been  +  [verb+ing]…

Examples :

Nate had been working at the university forforty-five years before he retired

The Example of Grammar in Toefl Question

Contoh Soal TOEFL dan Pembahasannya

1. This university’s program ______________those of Harvard.

(A) Come second after

(B) Are second only to

(C) Are first except for

(D) Are in second place from

Answer : (B) Are Second only to

Grammar : present progressive tense

2. With the passing of time and the encroachment of people, the habitat of gorillas ______ to decrease.

(A) Continuing

(B) Which continue

(C) Continues

(D) That it has continued

Answer : (C) continues

Grammar : simple present tense

3. Despite being basically arboreal in nature, koalas ________ to inhabit a specific territory and range of some 30 square miles.

(A) Knowing

(B) Which know

(C) Are knowing

(D) Are known

Answer : (D) are known

Grammar : simple past tense

Sumber : http://jefryandica.blogspot.com/2012/04/soal-toefl-dan-pembahasannya.html

                     http://anisamaulina.blogspot.com/2013/05/grammar-on-toefl-test.html

TIPS ABOUT DOING THE LISTENING TOEFL

TIPS ABOUT DOING THE LISTENING TOEFL

TOEFL Tips answer the question:

1. Prepare mentally

2. Do not stay up

3. Prepare supporting tools

4. Pray

5. Give alms

A.  Statement concludes by context

         Notice what is conveyed by the second oembicara and linkages between phrases and other keywords that can deliver the right kesimoulan. It usually occurs in conversation. Model question often asked is:

• What does the man means?

• What does the woman mean?

TOEFL listening sample questions and answers about TOEFL tricks:

(Woman): Why is Bobby felling so happy?

(Man): She just started working in a real estate company.

(Narrator): What does the man say about Bobby?

a. He always liked his word in real estate

b. He Began a new job.

c. He just bought some real estate.

d. He bought a real estate agency.

From the above example, we should note the statement of the second person (man) without forgetting the first question (woman). Correct answer is b.

B. Determine Who, What and Where

         In the matter of TOEFL, the makers of the test questions often ask participants to determine and conclude Who, What, Where is the conversation. The usual questions asked are:

• Who is probably talking?

• What are the speakers discussing?

• Where does the dialogue / conversation probably take place?

Note the linkage talks kuncio and first and second in the conversation to determine who, what, and where.

TOEFL listening sample questions and answers about TOEFL tricks:

(Woman): Did you get the bread, eggs and milk?

(Man): Now we need to stand in line at the checkout counter.

(Narrator): Where does this conversation probably take place?

a. In a restaurant.

b. At a bakery.

c. On a farm.

d. In a market.

In the above question asking where conversation is possible, the correct answer is b.

C. Understanding the negative statement

         Determining the answer of a phrase and negative statements in the conversation with a positive statement that has meaning to the phrase proximity and negative statements.

Sample questions and answers about TOEFL tricks:

(Woman): I can not seem to get the door unlocked.

(Man): That is not the right key for the door.

(Narrator): What does the woman mean?

a. The key in the drawer is on the right.

b. The should write the messages on the door.

c. The man has the wrong key.

d. The right key is not in the drawer.

In the matter of the above, the negative expression is not the right key is meant by the second (man) is the same meaning with possible answers (c) The mas has the wrong key. The phrase is not the right key in negative expressions have the same meaning as positive statement has the wrong key.

D. Understanding a statement with idioms

         Problem TOEFL expressions and statements often use phrases such as construction meaning not the same as the combined meaning of the element. Examples idom word is as follows:

• Burning the candle at both ends

• Putting his foot in his mouth

• Killing two birds with one stone

• All in day's work

• Two heads are better than one

• Be in the same boat

E. Understanding the two instruments significantly positive negative

         If question 2 forms instrument inserted by the often negative answer choices that lead to positive questions. Examples of these questions is No one's unhappy. No (Instrument 1) >> Unhappy (Instrument 2), the conclusion is Everyone will be happy.

F. Understanding the expression of approval

         The phrase consent of certain expressions used by makers about the TOEFL. There are several forms of consent, such as:

Ø Expression positive approval:

• I'll say

• You can say that again

• So do I

• I do to

• Me, too

Ø Expression negative approval:

• Neither do I

• I do not either

G. Understanding Wish statement

         In the TOEFL test, the wish to imply the meaning that the speaker wants condition contrary to fact. Examples of statements with the word wish is as follows:

• I wish she would tell the truth (fact: She will not tell me the truth)

• I wish I knew Japanese (fact: I do not know Japanese)

• I wish Rama has reviewed places his lesson (fact: Rama did not review his lesson)

So, the trick answer questions TOEFL model is responsible choices containing conditions contrary to the wishes of the speaker.

Sumber : http://iqbalparabi.com/tips-dan-trik-menjawab-soal-toefl/

TIPS ABOUT DOING THE LISTENING TOEFL

TIPS ABOUT DOING THE LISTENING TOEFL

TOEFL Tips answer the question:

1. Prepare mentally

2. Do not stay up

3. Prepare supporting tools

4. Pray

5. Give alms

A.  Statement concludes by context

         Notice what is conveyed by the second oembicara and linkages between phrases and other keywords that can deliver the right kesimoulan. It usually occurs in conversation. Model question often asked is:

• What does the man means?

• What does the woman mean?

TOEFL listening sample questions and answers about TOEFL tricks:

(Woman): Why is Bobby felling so happy?

(Man): She just started working in a real estate company.

(Narrator): What does the man say about Bobby?

a. He always liked his word in real estate

b. He Began a new job.

c. He just bought some real estate.

d. He bought a real estate agency.

From the above example, we should note the statement of the second person (man) without forgetting the first question (woman). Correct answer is b.

B. Determine Who, What and Where

         In the matter of TOEFL, the makers of the test questions often ask participants to determine and conclude Who, What, Where is the conversation. The usual questions asked are:

• Who is probably talking?

• What are the speakers discussing?

• Where does the dialogue / conversation probably take place?

Note the linkage talks kuncio and first and second in the conversation to determine who, what, and where.

TOEFL listening sample questions and answers about TOEFL tricks:

(Woman): Did you get the bread, eggs and milk?

(Man): Now we need to stand in line at the checkout counter.

(Narrator): Where does this conversation probably take place?

a. In a restaurant.

b. At a bakery.

c. On a farm.

d. In a market.

In the above question asking where conversation is possible, the correct answer is b.

C. Understanding the negative statement

         Determining the answer of a phrase and negative statements in the conversation with a positive statement that has meaning to the phrase proximity and negative statements.

Sample questions and answers about TOEFL tricks:

(Woman): I can not seem to get the door unlocked.

(Man): That is not the right key for the door.

(Narrator): What does the woman mean?

a. The key in the drawer is on the right.

b. The should write the messages on the door.

c. The man has the wrong key.

d. The right key is not in the drawer.

In the matter of the above, the negative expression is not the right key is meant by the second (man) is the same meaning with possible answers (c) The mas has the wrong key. The phrase is not the right key in negative expressions have the same meaning as positive statement has the wrong key.

D. Understanding a statement with idioms

         Problem TOEFL expressions and statements often use phrases such as construction meaning not the same as the combined meaning of the element. Examples idom word is as follows:

• Burning the candle at both ends

• Putting his foot in his mouth

• Killing two birds with one stone

• All in day's work

• Two heads are better than one

• Be in the same boat

E. Understanding the two instruments significantly positive negative

         If question 2 forms instrument inserted by the often negative answer choices that lead to positive questions. Examples of these questions is No one's unhappy. No (Instrument 1) >> Unhappy (Instrument 2), the conclusion is Everyone will be happy.

F. Understanding the expression of approval

         The phrase consent of certain expressions used by makers about the TOEFL. There are several forms of consent, such as:

Ø Expression positive approval:

• I'll say

• You can say that again

• So do I

• I do to

• Me, too

Ø Expression negative approval:

• Neither do I

• I do not either

G. Understanding Wish statement

         In the TOEFL test, the wish to imply the meaning that the speaker wants condition contrary to fact. Examples of statements with the word wish is as follows:

• I wish she would tell the truth (fact: She will not tell me the truth)

• I wish I knew Japanese (fact: I do not know Japanese)

• I wish Rama has reviewed places his lesson (fact: Rama did not review his lesson)

So, the trick answer questions TOEFL model is responsible choices containing conditions contrary to the wishes of the speaker.

Sumber : http://iqbalparabi.com/tips-dan-trik-menjawab-soal-toefl/

TIPS ABOUT DOING THE LISTENING TOEFL

TIPS ABOUT DOING THE LISTENING TOEFL

Listening Toefl Test Working Tips
Toefl test consists of three parts, as follows:
1. Toefl Listening Comprehension Test, consisting of 50 questions
2. Toefl Structure and Written Test, consisting of 40 questions
3. Toefl Reading Comprehension Test, consisting of 50 questions
Here I will give you tips on how to game the Toefl listening test. Listening Comprehension Test consists of 50 questions, divided into three sections namely section A = 30 questions, section B = 8 questions and section C = 12 matter. Listening section A form of dialogue or conversation between two people (the first ask and answer the second person. Narrator will make inquiries based on conversations between the first and second., And all questions Narrator only intended to answer the second. Means you should focus more on people's answers second.
First question: do you have to listen to all the conversations of the first and the second? The answer may be - may be, but more importantly that you should be able to catch the second person answers.
The second question: Do you have to listen to all who answered the second sentence? The answer may be - is okay. But more importantly you should be able to catch one of the key words in the answer to the second.
The third question: what is the keyword? Keywords that are meant here is a verb (verbs) and adjectives (adjective). Why adjectives and verbs used as keywords? Because you are looking for is OTHERWISE / synonyms (words that have the same meaning) with the key words in the answer to -2.
Examples of the conversation:

Merry: Hi Bob, do you bring my English book? I need to finish my homework tonight.
Bob: Oh, sorry. I forget to bring it.
Narrator: What does the man (Bob) mean?
A. The man Forgets to bring the book.
B. The man does not know about the book.
C. The man brings Merry's book.
D. The man does not remember to bring the book.
The correct answer is D (The man does not remember to bring the book). Key words in the answer to -2 is forget. Then you have to find another answer which means the same as the word forget that does not remember. Forget is a verb (verb). Usually synonymous form adjectives (adjective) and verb (verb).
How / strategy applies to Listening Comprehension Part A, number 1 s / d 30

Sumber : http://aropei5675.blogspot.com/2010/05/tips-mengerjakan-soal-listening-toefl.html