GRAMMAR TOEFL TEST
TENSES
1. Simple present tense
This tense is usually not use to
indicate present time. However, it is used to indicate present time (now) with
the following stative verbs; know, understand, have, believe, hate, need, hear
love, appear, see, see, like seem, smell, want, taste, wish, sound, and own.
Simple present tense is also used to indicate a regular or habitual action.
Examples :
·
She loves her parents every time
·
I get holiday every sunday
2. Present Progressive (continuous)
Subject
+ {am; is; are} + [verb + ing]
The present progressive is
used to indicate present time (now) with all but the stative verbs listed
previously. It is also used to indicate future time.
Examples :
·
I am writing a letter now
·
We are working hard for this time
3. Simple Past Tense
The simple past is used for a completed action
that happened at one specific time in the past.
Examples :
·
She advised her friend when they went togethet last
day
·
I eat rice because I felt hungry
4. Past Progressive (continuous)
Use of Past Progressive
a.. puts emphasis on the course of
an action in the past
Example: He was
playing football.
b. two actions happening at the same
time (in the past)
Example: While
she was preparing dinner, he was washing the
dishes.
c. action going on at a certain time
in the past
Example: When
I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang
5. Present Perfect
Subject +
[has/have] + [verb in past participle] …
We use the Present Perfect to say
that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is
not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time
expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child,
when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the
Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many
times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Examples :
·
I have seen that movie twenty times.
·
We have already written our reports
·
Maria hasn’t called her parents yet
6. Present Perfect Progressive
(continuous)
Subject +
[has/have] + been + [verb+ing]
Use of Present Perfect Progressive
a. puts emphasis on the duration or
course of an action (not the result)
Example: She has
been writing for two hours.
b. action that recently stopped or
is still going on
Example: I have
been living here since 2001.
c. finished action that influenced
the present
Example: I have
been working all afternoon.
7. Past Perfect
Subject + had
+ [verb in past participle]…
Examples :
·
You had studied English before you
moved to New York.
·
John went home after he had
gone to the store
8. Past Perfect Progressive
(continuous)
Subject + had +
been + [verb+ing]…
Examples :
Nate had been working at
the university forforty-five years before he retired
The Example of Grammar in Toefl
Question
Contoh Soal TOEFL dan
Pembahasannya
1. This university’s
program ______________those of Harvard.
(A) Come second after
(B) Are second only to
(C) Are first except
for
(D) Are in second place
from
Answer : (B) Are Second
only to
Grammar : present
progressive tense
2. With the passing of
time and the encroachment of people, the habitat of gorillas ______ to
decrease.
(A) Continuing
(B) Which continue
(C) Continues
(D) That it has
continued
Answer : (C) continues
Grammar : simple
present tense
3. Despite being
basically arboreal in nature, koalas ________ to inhabit a specific territory
and range of some 30 square miles.
(A) Knowing
(B) Which know
(C) Are knowing
(D) Are known
Answer : (D) are known
Grammar : simple past
tense
